Wednesday, April 3, 2013

Asian shares, U.S. dollar capped as more data looms

By Chikako Mogi

TOKYO (Reuters) - Asian shares were capped while the dollar eased on Tuesday, with investors growing cautious ahead of new indicators that could flag slowing U.S. economic momentum.

The private ADP employment report and the latest weekly jobless claims figures precede the key monthly U.S. nonfarm payrolls report on Friday.

European markets were likely to return from Easter holidays on a decline, with financial spreadbetters predicting London's FTSE 100 <.ftse>, Paris's CAC-40 <.fchi> and Frankfurt's DAX <.gdaxi> to open down as much as 0.3 percent. Benchmark indices in Spain <.ibex> and Italy <.ftmib> were likely to drop 0.8 percent and 0.7 percent respectively at the open. <.l><.eu/>

U.S. stock futures were steady, pointing to a calm Wall Street start after falling overnight. The Institute for Supply Management's index of national factory activity slipped in March with new orders, a key indicator of future growth, accounting for much of the fall. <.n/>

Oil and copper, markets sensitive to industrial demand, fell as investors focused on Monday's official Chinese factory activity report which came in below forecasts.

"You see the U.S. economy settling into a long, hard grind of moderate growth of around 1 to 1.5 percent, growth in previous recoveries was closer to 3.5 percent," said Ric Spooner, chief market analyst at CMC Markets in Sydney.

"With this kind of growth, the United States is going to struggle to bring down unemployment which is a real drag on the economy."

A run of generally solid U.S. economic reports helped restore global risk appetite despite worries in the euro zone after the Cyprus bailout and some growth concerns in China.

The MSCI's broadest index of Asia-Pacific shares outside Japan <.miapj0000pus> gave up earlier gains to inch down 0.1 percent, pulled lower by a 1 percent slide in South Korean shares <.ks11> and weak Chinese shares.

But Australian shares <.axjo> bucked the trend and rose 0.4 percent, as investors returned from the Easter break looking for bargains after last week's dip. The Reserve Bank of Australia helped, keeping its main cash rate at a record low of 3.0 percent but leaving open the possibility of further easing.

DOLLAR LOSES MOMENTUM

"Investors are not making big bets following subdued manufacturing data in the United States and China and ahead of two major events later this week," Lee Jae-man, an analyst at Tong Yang Securities said, referring to meetings of central banks in Japan and Europe.

The Nikkei stock average <.n225> tumbled as much as 2.7 percent to a one-month low before trimming some of the losses to fall 0.8 percent. The index logged its best quarterly performance in nearly four years in the first three months of 2013. <.t/>

Both the Bank of Japan and the European Central Bank hold policy meetings later in the week. The BOJ is expected to announce fresh stimulus measures under its new leadership in line with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's drive to reflate the economy.

The weak U.S. data weighed on the dollar, pushing it down to a one-month low of 92.57 yen. The euro fell 0.3 percent to 119.20 yen, its lowest since February 26.

Benchmark 10-year U.S. Treasury yield inched closer to 1.8 percent after topping 2 percent in early March for the first time in almost a year. Ten-year Japanese government bond yield has declined from around 0.7 percent early in March to a near-decade low of 0.51 percent last week, before rebounding to around 0.56 percent.

"Expectations for an expansionary U.S. economy are weakening and long-term yields are falling, that's what is primarily driving the dollar lower," said Koji Fukaya, CEO and currency strategist of FPG Securities in Tokyo.

A weak yen trend which had been in place since last November had transformed into a strong dollar trend on signs of stronger U.S. growth earlier this year, but the latest soft indicator stoked concerns about such growth prospects.

"In such a context, markets were ripe for position adjustments, also as the second quarter may see effects of U.S. fiscal tightening taking a toll on the economy, even if the underlying recovery path remains firm," Fukaya said.

The waning of the dollar's relative outperformance and Cyprus at least avoiding bankruptcy were preventing the euro from falling through recent lows, although the currency faced more downside than the upside due to its wobbly fundamentals, traders said.

The euro inched up 0.1 percent to $1.2860, moving away from a four-month low of $1.2750 touched last week.

U.S. crude futures fell 0.4 percent to $96.69 a barrel while Brent eased 0.3 percent to $110.76.

London copper fell 1.2 percent to $7,452 a tonne, after touching a seven-month low earlier.

A weak dollar benefited bullion, keeping spot gold above $1,600 an ounce, but investors were loth to build positions too much ahead of Friday's payrolls data.

"I think sentiment is neutral. It can't break through $1,620-$1,625, but on the downside, we can say $1,590-$1,585 seem to be the floor," said Ronald Leung, director of Lee Cheong Gold Dealers in Hong Kong.

(Additional reporting by Hyunjoo Jin in Seoul and Luke Pachymuthu and Lewa Pardomuan in Singapore; Editing by Eric Meijer)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/asian-shares-u-dollar-capped-more-data-looms-003206639--finance.html

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Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Man rams car into Calif. Wal-Mart, 4 injured

Police cars maintain a perimeter around a San Jose, Calif., Walmart after a motorist drove through a store entrance and began assaulting shoppers on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Four people sustained injuries during the attack according to a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)

Police cars maintain a perimeter around a San Jose, Calif., Walmart after a motorist drove through a store entrance and began assaulting shoppers on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Four people sustained injuries during the attack according to a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)

Unidentified women leave a San Jose, Calif., Walmart after a motorist drove through a store entrance and began assaulting shoppers on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Four people sustained injuries during the attack according to a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)

Walmart workers gather outside a Walmart in San Jose, Calif., after a motorist drove through a store entrance and began assaulting shoppers on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Four people sustained injuries during the attack according to a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)

A worker cleans up damage at a Walmart in San Jose, Calif., after a motorist drove through a store entrance and began assaulting shoppers on Sunday, March 31, 2013. Four people sustained injuries during the attack according to a police spokesman. (AP Photo/Noah Berger)

(AP) ? A man in a large red sedan hit two cars in the parking lot of a San Jose Wal-Mart before ramming the car through the front of the store then assaulting customers inside, officials said. The attack injured four people, one of them seriously.

The man crashed the Oldsmobile Cutlass through the storefront near the pharmacy Sunday and collided with a beer display before stopping, police and witnesses said.

The unidentified driver then got out of his car and used a blunt object to attack people, San Jose police Officer Albert Morales said. The driver was arrested when officers arrived.

Investigators have not determined how fast the driver ? described as a man in his 30s ? was going at the time of the crash but the car went about 20 feet into the Wal-Mart Supercenter that had about 70 people inside in San Jose, Morales said.

One person suffered what Morales described as serious injuries. He did not know the extent of the injuries to the three other people but said they were not life-threatening. The injured included a store employee.

There was no immediate word about what motivated the suspect.

Customer Sharon Kaye told the San Jose Mercury News the driver sideswiped her car as he made several runs around the parking lot before driving between poles at the entrance and crashing into the store.

"At first, I thought I may have done something to anger him while driving," she said. "But then I realized he was out to get into the store."

After the crash, the entrance to the Wal-Mart was roped off with yellow police tape, and workers put up large boards covering the automatic doors where the car had entered.

A Wal-Mart spokeswoman told the Mercury News that the store remained shut down for several hours, and an employee was among those hurt.

"We're obviously very concerned about the associate who was injured," spokeswoman Kory Lundberg said.

Shopper and witness Tianna Doan told the newspaper the employee was a cashier who was hit with the object and had a head injury.

Calls to the store by The Associated Press went unanswered Sunday.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2013-04-01-Wal-Mart%20Crash-Attack/id-0fb29b800c1b47ba8e43d243fbdb5fe3

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Geckos keep firm grip in wet natural habitat

Tuesday, April 2, 2013

Geckos' ability to stick to trees and leaves during rainforest downpours has fascinated scientists for decades, leading a group of University of Akron researchers to solve the mystery.

They discovered that wet, hydrophobic (water-repellent) surfaces like those of leaves and tree trunks secure a gecko's grip similar to the way dry surfaces do. The finding brings UA integrated bioscience doctoral candidate Alyssa Stark and her research colleagues closer to developing a synthetic adhesive that sticks when wet.

Principal investigator Stark and her fellow UA researchers Ila Badge, Nicholas Wucinich, Timothy Sullivan, Peter Niewiarowski and Ali Dhinojwala study the adhesive qualities of gecko pads, which have tiny, clingy hairs that stick like Velcro to dry surfaces. In a 2012 study, the team discovered that geckos lose their grip on wet glass. This finding led the scientists to explore how the lizards function in their natural environments.

The scientists studied the clinging power of six geckos, which they outfitted with harnesses and tugged upon gently as the lizards clung to surfaces in wet and dry conditions. The researchers found that the effect of water on adhesive strength correlates with wettability, or the ability of a liquid to maintain contact with a solid surface. On glass, which has high wettability, a film of water forms between the surface and the gecko's foot, decreasing adhesion. Conversely, on surfaces with low wettability, such as waxy leaves on tropical plants, the areas in contact with the gecko's toes remain dry and adhesion, firm.

"The geckos stuck just as well under water as they did on a dry surface, as long as the surface was hydrophobic," Stark explains. "We believe this is how geckos stick to wet leaves and tree trunks in their natural environment."

The discovery, "Surface Wettability Plays a Significant Role in Gecko Adhesion Underwater," was published April 1, 2013 by the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The study has implications for the design of a synthetic gecko-inspired adhesive.

###

University of Akron: http://www.uakron.edu/

Thanks to University of Akron for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127550/Geckos_keep_firm_grip_in_wet_natural_habitat

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Streams stressed by pharmaceutical pollution

Monday, April 1, 2013

Pharmaceuticals commonly found in the environment are disrupting streams, with unknown impacts on aquatic life and water quality. So reports a new Ecological Applications paper, which highlights the ecological cost of pharmaceutical waste and the need for more research into environmental impacts.

Lead author Dr. Emma Rosi-Marshall, a scientist at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, comments: "Pharmaceutical pollution is now detected in waters throughout the world. Causes include aging infrastructure, sewage overflows, and agricultural runoff. Even when waste water makes it to sewage treatment facilities, they aren't equipped to remove pharmaceuticals. As a result, our streams and rivers are exposed to a cocktail of synthetic compounds, from stimulants and antibiotics to analgesics and antihistamines."

With colleagues from Indiana University and Loyola University Chicago, Rosi-Marshall looked at how six common pharmaceuticals influenced similar-sized streams in New York, Maryland, and Indiana. Caffeine, the antibiotic ciprofloxacin, the antidiabetic metformin, two antihistimines used to treat heartburn (cimetidine and ranitidine), and one antihistamine used to treat allergies (diphenhydramine) were investigated, both alone and in combinations, using pharmaceutical-diffusing substrates.

Rosi-Marshall explains, "We focused on the response of biofilms ? which most people know as the slippery coating on stream rocks ? because they're vital to stream health. They might not look like much to the naked eye, but biofilms are complex communities composed of algae, fungi, and bacteria all living and working together. In streams, biofilms contribute to water quality by recycling nutrients and organic matter. They're also a major food source for invertebrates that, in turn, feed larger animals like fish."

Healthy streams are slippery streams. And it turns out that antihistamines dry more than our noses. The most striking result of the study was diphenhydramine's effects on algal production and microbial respiration. Exposure caused biofilms to experience up to a 99% decrease in photosynthesis, as well as significant drops in respiration. Diphenhydramine also caused a change in the bacterial species present in the biofilms, including an increase in a bacterial group known to degrade toxic compounds and a reduction in a group that digests compounds produced by plants and algae.

Results suggest that this antihistamine is disrupting the ecology of these sensitive biofilm communities. Rosi-Marshall notes, "We know that diphenhydramine is commonly found in the environment. And its effect on biofilms could have repercussions for animals in stream food webs, like insects and fish. We need additional studies looking at the concentrations that cause ecosystem disruption, and how they react with other stressors, such as excess nutrients."

The other pharmaceuticals investigated also had a measurable effect on biofilm respiration, both alone and in combinations. More work is needed to understand how drug mixtures, which most natural streams experience, impact freshwater systems.

Society's dependence on pharmaceuticals is not likely to wane. Nor is its need for clean, fresh water. This study adds another piece of evidence to the case calling for innovations in the way we manage waste water. Currently, only a fraction of the world's waste water is treated, and the infrastructure in many developed nations is aging.

###

Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies: http://www.ecostudies.org

Thanks to Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 34 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/127538/Streams_stressed_by_pharmaceutical_pollution

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Monday, April 1, 2013

Drug maker loses India patent battle

(AP) ? A lawyer for healthcare activists says India's Supreme Court has rejected drug maker Novartis AG's right to patent a new version of a lifesaving cancer drug.

The landmark ruling Monday is a victory for India's $26 billion generic drug industry that provides cheap medicines to millions around the world.

The ruling is a precedent that prevents international pharmaceutical companies from obtaining fresh patents in India on updated versions of existing drugs.

Lawyer Anand Grover said such a ruling would help poor people get access to affordable, generic versions of lifesaving medicines.

Novartis has fought a legal battle in India since 2006 for a fresh patent for a leukemia drug.

India's patent office had rejected the company's patent application because it was not a new medicine.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2013-04-01-India-Patent%20Battle/id-4ca1e71f89c24f7488b61c4678e937ff

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Did You Hear Something? Mice Can Cough, Study Finds

It may be as quiet as, well, a mouse, but mice apparently can cough, new research finds. The findings suggest the rodents could be used in research to fight coughing in humans.

Rodents make ideal lab animals because they grow quickly, reproduce in large numbers and are small enough to house easily, allowing scientists to form experiments on them en masse. Mice are often used in research to develop new medicines for people ? for instance, mice grimace when in pain, just like humans, and experiments that analyze their faces could help test out new painkillers.

It was a mystery as to whether mice can cough, since any such sounds would probably be barely audible at best. To help resolve this controversy, scientists at Guangzhou Medical College in China exposed 40 mice to fine mists of capsaicin, the molecule that makes chili peppers spicy. These mice were each placed in a machine known as a plethysmograph, a device that measures changes in body volume to detect when air moved in and out of the mice. The researchers also listened to mouse sounds with mini-microphones and watched the mice to monitor their body movements.

The rodents made a variety of sounds while sniffing, tapping their teeth, scratching their noses and twitching their heads. Among these sounds, the scientists identified explosive noises that coincided with the abrupt head-tossing, abdominal jerking and opened mouths one would expect with coughs. [The 10 Most Mysterious Diseases]

When given cough suppressants such as codeine, mouse coughing dropped dramatically. Capsaicin given before the experiment also helped suppress coughing during the experiments, likely by desensitizing the mice's nerves.

These findings suggest mice could be used in experiments looking for cough syrups and other medicines to fight coughing. Currently, guinea pigs are used for such tests, but they can be relatively expensive compared with smaller mice.

Recently, scientists have found that mice can sing ultrasonic melodies and rats laugh when tickled. This research adds to behavior people might not think rodents are capable of, said behavioral neurobiologist Erich Jarvis at Duke University Medical Center, who did not take part in this coughing research.

"It would be interesting to see if it's possible to get mice to voluntarily cough, and if so, what are the neural mechanisms in the brain for that," Jarvis told LiveScience. "If they can voluntarily cough, maybe the neural circuits for such coughing could be the precursors for their vocal communication circuits."

The scientists detailed their findings online March 21 in the journal PLOS ONE.

Follow us @livescience, Facebook?& Google+. Original article on LiveScience.com.

Copyright 2013 LiveScience, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/did-hear-something-mice-cough-study-finds-134228301.html

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